Antecedente de trastorno mental en la UCI e interconsulta a psiquiatría / History of mental disorder in an ICU and referrals to psychiatry

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de pacientes con trastorno mental (TM) ingresados en la UCI. Comparar las características clínicas según la presencia de antecedentes psiquiátricos. Revisar la pertinencia de las interconsultas realizadas a psiquiatría. Diseño Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Ámbito UCI del Hospital General del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España. Pacientes Pacientes ingresados entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2018. Intervenciones Ninguna. Variables de interés principales Nivel de gravedad (APACHEII), motivo de ingreso, días de ingreso, días de ventilación mecánica, antecedentes psiquiátricos y motivo de interconsulta a psiquiatría. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.247 pacientes; 194 (15,5%) cumplían criterios de TM, siendo su media de edad más joven (59 vs 68, p<0,001) y con menor puntuación media en la escala APACHEII (12 vs 14, p≤0,003). Se realizaron 64 interconsultas a psiquiatría (5,1% de los ingresos), 59 de las cuales fueron en pacientes con TM (92,1%). En cuanto a los motivos de la interconsulta, el 22,6% fueron por intento autolítico, el 61,3% para ajuste farmacológico, el 11,3% para descartar TM y el 4,8% para valoración de competencia. La posibilidad de que se realizara una interconsulta estando indicada fue del 89,1%, mientras que la posibilidad de no realizarla no estando indicada fue del 99,4%. Conclusiones Este estudio respalda la necesidad de ampliar las recomendaciones específicas para realizar interconsulta a psiquiatría, más allá de la valoración tras intento autolítico, puesto que un gran porcentaje (77,5%) de las interconsultas pertinentes fueron por otros motivos (AU)

Objective To describe the prevalence of patients with mental disorders (MD) admitted to the ICU. To compare the clinical characteristics according to the presence of psychiatric history. To review the relevance of the consultations made to Psychiatry. Design Retrospective descriptive study. Setting ICU of the General Hospital of the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Patients Patients admitted between January 2016 and June 2018. Interventions None. Main variables of interest Severity level (APACHEII), reason for admission, days of admission, days of mechanical ventilation, psychiatric history and reason for psychiatric consultation. Results A total of 1,247 patients were included; 194 (15.5%) met MD criteria, their mean age being younger (59 vs 68, P<.001) and with a lower mean score on the APACHEII scale (12 vs 14, P≤.003). There were 64 consultations to Psychiatry (5.1% of admissions), 59 of which were in patients with TM (92.1%). Regarding the reasons for the consultation, 22.6% were for attempted suicide, 61.3% for pharmacological adjustment, 11.3% to rule out mental disorder, and 4.8% for competence assessment. The probability of a consultation being carried out while it was indicated was 89.1%, while the probability of not carrying it out when it was not indicated was 99.4%. Conclusions This study supports the need to expand the specific recommendations for consultation to Psychiatry, beyond the assessment after a suicide attempt, since a large percentage (77.5%) of the pertinent consultations were for other reasons (AU)

History of mental disorder in an ICU and referrals to psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of patients with mental disorders (MD) admitted to the ICU. To compare the clinical characteristics according to the presence of psychiatric history. To review the relevance of the consultations made to Psychiatry. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: ICU of the General Hospital of the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. PATIENTS: Patients admitted between January 2016 and June 2018. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Severity level (APACHE II), reason for admission, days of admission, days of mechanical ventilation, psychiatric history and reason for psychiatric consultation. RESULTS: A total of 1,247 patients were included; 194 (15.5%) met MD criteria, their mean age being younger (59 vs 68, P < .001) and with a lower mean score on the APACHE II scale (12 vs 14, P ≤ .003). There were 64 consultations to Psychiatry (5.1% of admissions), 59 of which were in patients with TM (92.1%). Regarding the reasons for the consultation, 22.6% were for attempted suicide, 61.3% for pharmacological adjustment, 11.3% to rule out mental disorder, and 4.8% for competence assessment. The probability of a consultation being carried out while it was indicated was 89.1%, while the probability of not carrying it out when it was not indicated was 99.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the need to expand the specific recommendations for consultation to Psychiatry, beyond the assessment after a suicide attempt, since a large percentage (77.5%) of the pertinent consultations were for other reasons.

Picaduras tras un viaje a Brasil / Bites after a trip to Brazil

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Método simple y efectivo para el tratamiento de los cilindromas en el síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler / A simple and effective method for treating cylindromas in Brooke-Spiegler syndrome

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Global impact of an educational antimicrobial stewardship programme on prescribing practice in a tertiary hospital centre.

The misuse of antibiotics has been related to increased morbidity, mortality and bacterial resistance. The development of antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) has been encouraged by scientific societies as an essential measure. An educational, institutionally supported ASP was developed in our tertiary-care centre. Local guidelines on the management of infectious syndromes were created. Antimicrobial prescriptions were chosen arbitrarily weekly and counselling interviews by expert clinicians were carried out, using a paedagogic, non-restrictive methodology. Satisfaction with the interview was assessed using anonymous questionnaires. The appropriateness of antimicrobial prescriptions as well as consumption was assessed prospectively throughout the year. Feedback regarding the correct use of treatments was communicated to each participating department periodically. The improvement in antimicrobial prescription was included among the annual objectives linked to economic incentives in every department. A total of 1206 counselling interviews were carried out during the first year. Fifty-three per cent of antimicrobial prescriptions (176/332) were inappropriate when the programme started. The rate of inappropriate prescriptions continuously declined to 26.4% (107/405) in the fourth trimester (p <0.001; RR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23-0.43). Antimicrobial consumption decreased from 1150 defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 occupied bed-days in the first trimester to 852 DDDs in the fourth, reflecting a reduction in antimicrobial expenditures of 42%. A total of 352 satisfaction questionnaires were received and 98% described the advice as positive. In conclusion, the implementation of an education-based ASP achieved a significant improvement in all antimicrobial prescriptions in the centre and a reduction in antimicrobial consumption, even when no restrictive measures were implemented. The programme was highly accepted by all prescribers.

Disqueratosis congénita y tumor neuroendocrino / Dyskeratosis congenita and neuroendocrine tumor

La disqueratosis congénita (DC) es una genodermatosis multisistémica con un riesgo importante de padecer neoplasias malignas. Presentamos la evolución y complicaciones de un varón de 37 años que en la infancia fue diagnosticado de DC. El paciente desarrolló un tumor gástrico neuroendocrino y falleció. Revisamos las características clínicas de la enfermedad y destacamos la importancia de realizar un exhaustivo seguimiento de estos pacientes ante el riesgo potencial de presentar neoplasias (AU)

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a genodermatosis with multisystem, life-threatening complications such as malignancies. We present the case of a37-year-old male diagnosed of DC in his infancy that developed a neuroendocrine gastric tumor and died. We also review the clinical features of the disease and emphasize the importance of performing a close surveillance of these patients due to the significant risk of malignancies (AU)

Enfermedad de Still del adulto: presentación de cuatro casos / Adult onset Still’s disease: presentation of four cases

La enfermedad de Still del adulto es una enfermedad sistémica, poco frecuente, de etiología desconocida y que suele afectar a adultos jóvenes. Se caracteriza por la asociación de artralgias, fiebre alta en picos y un exantema característico. Las lesiones cutáneas están formadas por máculas eritematosas de color salmón, de aspecto urticariforme y que se distribuyen principalmente en el tronco y la raíz de extremidades. Estas lesiones son asintomáticas y aparecen en forma de erupción característicamente transitoria, de aparición vespertina y resolución posterior fugaz, siguiendo un curso paralelo al de la fiebre. Desde el punto de vista histológico se caracteriza por un infiltrado inflamatorio dérmico perivascular compuesto principalmente de linfocitos y con presencia de neutrófilos. El factor reumatoide y los anticuerpos antinucleares son negativos y en el hemograma se observa leucocitosis con neutrofilia. Otros posibles hallazgos en la enfermedad de Still del adulto son úlceras de garganta, linfadenopatías, esplenomagalia o disfunciónhepática entre otras. Presentamos los casos de cuatro mujeres con enfermedad de Still del adulto y describimos sus lesiones cutáneas, afectación sistémica, características histológicas y su evolución (AU)

Adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic illness of unknown aetiology and which usually affects young adults. It is characterised by arthralgia,high peaking temperatures and a characteristic exanthema. Cutaneous lesions are salmon coloured erythematous urticariform macula found mainly on the trunk and extremities. These lesions are symptom free and appear as typically transitory evening eruptions with posterior fleeting resolution and follow a parallel course to the high temperature. Histologically, they show a perivascular inflammatory dermic infiltrate with lymphocitic predominance and containing some neutrophils. Rheumatoid factors and antinuclear antibodies are negative and leucocytosis with neutrophilia is seenon blood analysis. Other possible findings in AOSD are sore throat, lymphoadenopathies, splenomegalia or liver dysfunction, among others.AOSD in 4 females is presented describing cutaneous lesions, systemic involvement, histological results and evolution (AU)

Trombosis neonatal de senos venosos cerebrales / Neonatal thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses

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Relation between body fat and liver fat accumulation and cytokine pattern in non-alcoholic patients with chronic HCV infection.

BACKGROUND: Liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is multifactorial. Therefore, there is not necessarily a relation between obesity and liver fat.On the other hand, body fat secretes cytokines, and cytokines and oxidative damage play important roles on progression of liver disease. METHODS: We analyzed the relationships between liver fat (assessed by histomorphometry) and trunk and subcutaneous fat (waist perimeter, triceps skinfold, BMI); the relationships between liver and body fat and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-8, IFN-gamma, IL-4), adipokines (adiponectin and TIMP-1), and serum malondiladehyde and antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities); and the relationships of these data with histological changes in 40 HCV-infected non-alcoholic patients. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between liver fat and waist perimeter and BMI, and between serum TIMP-1 and liver fat. Serum TIMP-1 was significantly related to body fat stores; serum IL-6 and IFN-gamma were related to histological inflammation. Patients with waist perimeter >102 cm (men) or 88 cm (women) showed increased liver fat. In 38.8% of non-obese patients, liver fat accumulation was intense. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between visceral fat, serum TIMP-1 and liver steatosis. However, at least in some patients, factors different from mere adiposity play a role in liver steatosis.

Encefalopatía hiperamoniémica inducida por ácido valproico en período neonatal / Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy due to valproic acid in the neonatal period

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Cambios asistenciales derivados de la implantación de una unidad de histeroscopia ambulatoria / Changes in clinical practice after the implementation of an office hysteroscopy unit

Objetivo. Mostrar las repercusiones que la implantación de una unidad de histeroscopia en consulta ha tenido en el uso del quirófano para histeroscopia. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo de las técnicas histeroscópicas realizadas en consulta y en quirófano en los últimos años, sus complicaciones y su evolución en el tiempo en función de la implementación de nuevas tecnologías y de la experiencia del endoscopista. Resultados. Se analizan 4.026 histeroscopias ambulatorias y 1.103 en quirófano. La tasa de histeroscopias fallidas en ambos grupos es similar (el 2,5 frente al 2,6%, respectivamente); las complicaciones son muy diferentes, mientras en histeroscopia ambulatoria predominan el dolor y el síndrome vagal, en la histeroscopia en quirófano destacan las lesiones del cérvix y las perforaciones. Conforme aumenta la experiencia en histeroscopia ambulatoria se realizan más técnicas quirúrgicas, fundamentalmente polipectomías y biopsia dirigidas, disminuyendo de forma significativa la actividad en quirófano, que pasa a estar constituida principalmente por miomectomías. Conclusiones. La histeroscopia en consulta o ambulatoria es una técnica que permite diagnosticar y tratar gran parte de la patología uterina intracavitaria en un solo acto, dejando para el quirófano casos muy seleccionados (AU)

Objective. To analyze the effects of establishing an outpatient hysteroscopy unit on the use of operating room hysteroscopy. Material and method. We performed a descriptive study of office and operating room hysteroscopic techniques in the last few years. The complications associated with these procedures and outcomes were analyzed in relation to the introduction of new technologies and endoscopic experience. Results. A total of 4,026 outpatient hysteroscopies and 1,103 operating room hysteroscopies were analyzed. The failure rate was similar in both groups (2.5 versus 2.6% respectively). Intra-operative complications differed between the two groups: pain and vaso-vagal syndrome predominated in outpatient hysteroscopy while perforations and cervical lesions were more frequent in the inpatient setting. As experience of hysteroscopy has increased, more surgical techniques, mainly polypectomies and directed biopsy, have been performed. The use of operating room procedures has significantly decreased, being mainly reserved for the performance of myomectomy. Conclusions. Office hysteroscopy allows the diagnosis and management of most uterine intracavitary pathology in a single act, reserving the operating room setting for highly selected patients (AU)

Enfermedad de Still del adulto: presentación de cuatro casos / Adult onset Still’s disease: presentation of four cases

La enfermedad de Still del adulto es una enfermedad sistémica, poco frecuente, de etiología desconocida y que suele afectar a adultos jóvenes. Se caracterizapor la asociación de artralgias, fiebre alta en picos y un exantema característico. Las lesiones cutáneas están formadas por máculas eritematosas decolor salmón, de aspecto urticariforme y que se distribuyen principalmente en el tronco y la raíz de extremidades. Estas lesiones son asintomáticas y aparecenen forma de una erupción característicamente transitoria, de aparición vespertina y resolución fugaz, siguiendo un curso paralelo al de la fiebre. Desdeel punto de vista histológico se caracteriza por un infiltrado inflamatorio dérmico perivascular compuesto principalmente de linfocitos y con presencia deneutrófilos. El factor reumatoide y los anticuerpos antinucleares son negativos y en el hemograma se observa leucocitosis con neutrofilia. Otros posibleshallazgos en la enfermedad de Still del adulto son úlceras en la garganta, linfadenopatías, esplenomegalia o disfunción hepática entre otras.Presentamos los casos de cuatro mujeres con enfermedad de Still del adulto y describimos sus lesiones cutáneas, afectación sistémica, característicashistológicas y su evolución (AU)

Adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic illness of unknown aetiology and which usually affects young adults. It is characterised by arthralgia,high peaking temperatures and a characteristic exanthema. Cutaneous lesions are salmon coloured erythematous urticariform macula located mainly onthe trunk and extremities. These lesions are symptom free and appear as typically transitory evening eruptions with posterior fleeting resolution and followa parallel course to the fever. Histologically, they show a perivascular inflammatory dermic infiltrate with lymphocitic predominance and containing someneutrophils. Rheumatoid factors and antinuclear antibodies are negative and leucocytosis with neutrophilia is seen on blood analysis. Other possible findingsin AOSD are sore throat, lymphoadenopathies, splenomegalia or liver dysfunction, among others (AU)